Posted by & filed under Psychology Update.

3 ARTICLES ON BIOLOGICAL CAUSES OF DEPRESSION

ARTICLE #1:  As Research Advances, Treatment for Depression Gets Better

 

DESCRIPTION

This brief article focuses on individuals with unremitting treatment resistant depression.  Individuals may undergo psychotherapy (both traditional and cognitive behavioral) as well as medication trials and yet may not respond well.  This article suggests that some may need an intensive physiological analysis to determine where there are specific biological causes that may not be possible with traditional medical examinations.  “Researchers found that by isolating specific metabolic deficiencies determined through an analysis of a patient’s cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), specific metabolic and neurotransmitter deficiencies can be identified and implemented with almost miraculously positive results.”  While there are many theories and studies as to the causes of depression, these recent advances in neuroscience may hold the key for the most difficult cases.

SOURCE

Psychology Today, August 19, 2016, by Richard Taite

LINK TO RESOURCE

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ending-addiction-good/201608/research-advances-treatment-depression-gets-better

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/zc42wgn

 

 

ARTICLE #2:  Blue-Blocking Glasses May Help Treat Bipolar Disorder, Promote Sleep

 

DESCRIPTION

Does exposure to light from electronic devices (phones, computers, TV) disrupt the normal brain circadian rhythms that control sleep and wakefulness as well as bipolar disorder?   Some scientists decided to test this notion on hospitalized bipolar patients in a small study in Norway.  “Scientists have proposed that limiting exposure to blue light given off by electronics at night could help people sleep and help reset dysfunctional biological clocks, both of which are involved in disorders like manic depression.”  In a simple experiment, approximately 12 patients wore amber blue-blocking glasses for one week and were compared to 11 who did not wear the glasses.  All other conditions remained constant.  The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the bipolar condition in the group wearing the glasses in the one week of treatment.   “The paper builds on a growing body of research showing how important light is for controlling not only circadian rhythms but mood and many other aspects of physical and mental health.”  Other studies cited discuss improvement in those suffering insomnia by changing the way the brain perceives light that affects the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and release of melatonin.  This is known as “chronotherapeutics.”

Note, a number of studies are cited in the article as related to light therapy and depressive affect.  The links in the article take the reader to the abstracts of the studies.  This is useful for teaching the Psychology as a science segment of the course.

SOURCE

Newsweek,  July 26, 2016, by Douglas Main

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://www.newsweek.com/blue-blocking-glasses-may-help-treat-bipolar-disorder-promote-sleep-484065

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/hntwzee

 

ARTICLE #3:  New Clues to Depression Spotted in the Genome

 

DESCRIPTION

A vast study (>460,000) subjects examined the genome coding of subjects who reported seeking treatment for depression comparing them to those who had not sought treatment.  Further, there were comparisons of genomes of groups who were actively seeking treatment versus those who reported no feelings of depression.  The genome information was made available by anonymous biological profiles from 23andMe.  23andMe.com is one of the recent entries into the genealogy field that provides DNA testing to its clients.  Additionally participants can fill out surveys as to their physical, emotional, and mental health characteristics.  The results showed that  “…a big step may have been made in tracing depression to its source, with a new study in Nature Genetics revealing no fewer than 15 discrete regions on the human genome associated with the development of major depressive disorder (MDD).”  The results suggest that for many experiencing depression that there are clear genetic biological correlates.  (Explain to students that genetic issues may not mean hereditary or inherited issues.)  The scientists hope that the data will eventually lead to targeted treatments for depression and perhaps prevention.

SOURCE

Time, August 1, 2016, by Jeffrey Kluger

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://time.com/4431292/depression-genome/

 

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/jcbpblg

CLASS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

•Using the text book:  what is depression?  What are the causes and treatments?
•How are experiments with patients/clients who have depression conducted?  What are the pitfalls of drawing conclusions from studies with patients experiencing mental health problems?  What are the ethical issues?
•According to the articles, what are some of the hypothesized biological causes of depression? (Each article focuses on different biological issues.)
• •All three articles focus on the biological aspects of the causes of depression.  Where possible discuss depression from the BioPsychoSocial perspective to complement the biological perspective.

 

Posted by & filed under Psychology Website of the Week.

PSYCHOLOGY WEBSITE OF THE WEEK

TITLE

Michael Britt: The Psych Files

Demonic Possession Interactive (August 18, 2016)

URL    

https://my.visme.co/projects/n0673dm4-demonic-possession-interactive

DESCRIPTION

From the website:

Last week I posted about an infographic I created to help students think critically about the topic of demonic possession. I’ve been thinking a lot about how to make the presentation of the content more interactive.

In Darren Brown’s video on cold reading, he really convinces his subjects of the fallacy of cold readings by first having them take a look at their “reading” and then say how accurate they thought it was. Then they all exchanged readings and saw that each reading was the same.

I wanted the infographic (which is not really an infographic anymore – more of an interactive exercise) to provide that same experience: have students read the pro-demonic possession argument in full and then state where they stand.  After that they can read the critique.

Would love your feedback on this more interactive approach to critical thinking:

https://my.visme.co/projects/n0673dm4-demonic-possession-interactive

Michael A. Britt, Ph.D.
[email protected]

NOTE FOR TEACHING:

Michael Britt’s work is and outstanding resource for teaching!

I recommend this particular exercise for use in the beginning of the course when you cover the topic of Psychology as a science.  It will make a fabulous exercise in critical thinking.

Posted by & filed under Psychology Update.

WELCOME STATEMENT

Welcome to  Introductory Psychology Weekly Updates

Every Monday you will find wonderful resources to enhance your teaching and to engage your students in discussions.   With each “published” edition, you will discover two or three interesting provocative articles to use as “triggers” to discuss important issues that relate to your teaching content, subject matter, and/or important issues.  The choice of the articles is such that students can find these on popular sites such as the New York Times, Time Magazine, Huffington Post, and read them without the pressure of going to the library or poring through their textbook.  The popular media choices are easy to find without the need for subscription services; these are often articles that you might have read and brought up in your class.   Further, the update will include a few questions that can be used to get a discussion started.

In addition to a listing of the articles, you will also be presented with a few websites for use in your teaching.  The websites can be useful informative resources for both your teaching preparation and for  student use.  Lastly, every week, you will find either an App Of The Week listing, occasionally YouTube video, or a Podcast that will both enhance your teaching and presentations.   If you have any suggestions please contact me.

Thank you,

David Berg
[email protected]

====================================

These 3 articles are for you, the Professor, to learn about a simple behavioral intervention technique that may improve student outcomes:  THE NUDGE

ARTICLE #1

Helping the Poor in Education: The Power of a Simple Nudge
DESCRIPTION

Given the problems in K-12 education and college retention/graduation rates, several researchers have studied a variety of means to improve these situations.
“… researchers have been quietly finding small, effective ways to improve education. They have identified behavioral “nudges” that prod students and their families to take small steps that can make big differences in learning. These measures are cheap, so schools or nonprofits could use them immediately.”  Many excellent well done studies have demonstrated that “nudges” actually make a difference to college enrollment application/financial form completion, retention, and for younger students “nudging” the parents improves homework and other skills.  “Nudges” are completed through institutional services rather than the individual professor and are financially feasible ($5/student).

Please read the next two articles covering updates at the college level.

SOURCE

New York Times, January 17, 2015, By Susan Dynarski

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/18/upshot/helping-the-poor-in-higher-education-the-power-of-a-simple-nudge.html?emc=eta1

 

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/z54lmsh

 

ARTICLE #2

Why ‘Nudges’ to Help Students Succeed Are Catching On

DESCRIPTION

Behavioral Economics, Behavior Interventions, Behavioral Solutions are the buzz word to help and improve students with college applications, FAFSA/financial aide, and retention issues.  The article discusses newer simpler interventions in the form of “nudges” or simple messaging to students as they navigate the process.   As it turns out, the simplest interventions have shown significant positive behavioral outcomes for students who may have no formal home structure to get them through the process.  The article describes a number recent studies that have shown success.   As a professor of Psychology it is worth noting that the focus is on facilitating BEHAVIORS that lead to positive outcomes.  “Testing behavioral interventions is a small but growing part of higher-education research — and one that’s getting lots of attention.”

This article (as well as the preceding and following) are presented to provide information on behavioral solutions which are for your information or perhaps to be discussed as part of the chapter on Learning and Conditioning.

SOURCE

Chronicle of Higher Education, January 29, 2016, by Beckie Supine

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://chronicle.com/article/Why-Nudges-to-Help/235101?cid=rclink

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/zz49dmn

 

ARTICLE #3

Fine-Tuning the ‘Nudges’ That Help Students Get to and Through College

 

DESCRIPTION

The article is actually an excerpted interview Alissa Fishbane, a managing director at ideas42.org.  The organization studies behavioral interventions for a variety of problems in the education area.  (See this week’s website of the week — the site is worth a tour.)   “Behavioral interventions are a growing — and attention-grabbing — piece of higher-education research. They locate and tackle the cognitive, emotional, and social factors behind why people don’t follow through on their intentions.”  This is the third in this week’s series of articles that aim to demonstrate how understanding and using behavioral interventions can improve how students navigate the college system for admission, financial aid, and retention.

SOURCE

Chronicle Of Higher Education, June 22, 2016, by Beckie Supine

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://chronicle.com/article/Fine-Tuning-the-Nudges-That/236880

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/gvtpsdt

 

FOR THE PROFESSOR

•These three articles on the use of “NUDGES” focus on behavioral interventions to help students more successfully navigate college.
•The articles make use of studies that apply simple cueing strategies.  It is pointed out that the studies cited are all well done randomized trials that show that “nudging” can be effective.
•The articles (and links to the studies cited in the articles) can themselves be used as part of the course in teaching the application of behavioral interventions.

 

Posted by & filed under Psychology Website of the Week.

PSYCHOLOGY WEBSITE OF THE WEEK

TITLE

ideas42

URL 

ideas42.org

DESCRIPTION

“Our mission is a simple one: to use the power of behavioral science to design scalable solutions to some of society’s most difficult problems.”

This organization is fascinating.  Tour the site to learn that the group specifically develops interventions of behavioral solutions to social issues.   This is not only a fascinating site for you, the professor, but to steer students toward for ideas on how Psychology is used in solving social issues.

Posted by & filed under Psychology App of the Week.

PSYCHOLOGY APP OF THE WEEK

Omvana

ICON

Omvana

 

Click on your platform  (free with in-app purchases)     

                            iOS     or   Android

 

DESCRIPTION

From the Google Play and  iTunes Store

Omvana’s new and improved meditation app from Mindvalley is your personal meditation and mindfulness teacher.

Omvana brings you the world’s best meditations, relaxation audios, yoga music and self improvement tracks all in one beautiful meditation app. Sleep better, relax better and transform your life with exclusive audios from many of the world’s best health, wellness and meditation teachers.

Mindful meditation has been proven to help with a variety of ailments like insomnia, depression, anxiety and more. That is why Omvana provides a variety of courses, if you’re new, you can learn with our “meditation for beginners” course or use our “sleep better” audios as a sleep aid to help with sleeping disorders.

Omvana’s wide collection of calming music and relaxing sounds is also used to help with your yoga practice and helps you learn how to clear your mind. You can also learn how to calm anxiety through mindfulness exercises and become zen like a buddhist monk.

Personal growth should be personalized, and Omvana does just that. Omvana allows you to mix and customize each meditation the way you like best. Mix vocal tracks from famous speeches, inspirational books and guided meditations with a large collection of ambient sounds in the Omvana Mixer to create your own custom meditation blends.

HOW TO USE THIS APP

Though the basic app along with some of the exercises are free, there are in-app purchases.   Try the basics without the fee structure.

Posted by & filed under Psychology Update.

3 Articles on the Psychological Benefits of Meditation

Article #1

The Surprising Benefits of Compassion Meditation

DESCRIPTION

A great deal has been researched and studied in the areas of Mindfulness meditation and Transcendental meditation.   There are definite benefits as evidenced by the research.  Another variation is known as “compassion meditation.”  The goal of “compassion meditation” is to “strengthen feelings of compassion and empathy” toward others.  “More than just a feel-good practice, compassion meditation leads to improved mood, more altruistic behavior, less anger, reduced stress and decreased maladaptive mind wandering, according to recent research.”  The article provides a number of links to research studies that can be useful in class to discuss not only the meditation phenomenon but how research is conducted.

SOURCE

U.S. News and World Reports, March 23, 2016 , by Stacey Colino

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://health.usnews.com/wellness/articles/2016-03-23/the-surprising-benefits-of-compassion-meditation

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/jce5upq

 

Article #2

A Martial Art With Self-Expression

 

DESCRIPTION

Not all meditation practices involve sitting silently while breathing or repeating a phrase (mantra).   There are practices, such as the martial art of Shintaido which include physical movement as well as a meditative component.   This particular type of practice will appeal to those who need more than sitting and who would prefer more physical activity.  “Movements range from gentle and meditative to very vigorous, with throwing, jumping and rolling. There are mental and spiritual components to the practice as well.”  While most western Psychologists might not consider this as part of a introductory course, the topic could be coupled with sections of the textbook that focus on stress and Health Psychology.

SOURCE

Wall Street Journal,  May 23, 2016, by Jen Murphy

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://www.wsj.com/articles/a-martial-art-with-self-expression-1464016939

(Tiny Url)  http://tinyurl.com/jfs83xq

 

Article #3

How Meditation Changes the Brain and Body

DESCRIPTION

This article examines a study (link in the article) that uses physiological measures (blood draws, brain scans, blood pressure, and so on) to study the effects of mindful meditation.  The study found “… that, unlike a placebo, it can change the brains of ordinary people and potentially improve their health … There was more activity, or communication, among the portions of their brains that process stress-related reactions and other areas related to focus and calm.”   This article can be used in the course to examine mindfulness, health psychology, stress, as well as how the scientific method can be used to study such phenomena.

SOURCE

New York Times, February 18, 2016, by Gretchen Reynolds

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/02/18/contemplation-therapy/?ref=health

 

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/zck5agz

 

CLASS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

•What is meditation?  What is mindful meditation?
•Critical thinking question:  why has the popularity of meditation grown so rapidly over the past few years?
•How is the topic of “meditation” handled in Psychology textbooks?
(focus on the topic of Health Psychology)
•What are the benefits of meditation?  Is there scientific evidence?
•Student engagement question:   Who, in the class, meditates?

 

Posted by & filed under Psychology Website of the Week.

PSYCHOLOGY WEBSITE OF THE WEEK

Mindful:  Taking Time For What Matters

URL      

http://www.mindful.org/meditation/

DESCRIPTION

This website offers a number of resources for those interesting in understanding the positive effects of meditation.   More importantly, it offers a number of meditation exercises that are free for those who want to begin to explore the phenomenon.   On the opening page, read about the information provided and then click on “Getting Started.”

Posted by & filed under Psychology Podcast of the Week.

PSYCHOLOGY PODCAST OF THE WEEK

CDC_BirthDefects

Birth Defects (CDC)  (click on title or icon)

DESCRIPTION

“The CDC series contains podcasts about topics related to birth defects and the prevention of birth defects.”

(in both English and Spanish)

 

 

HOW TO USE THIS PODCAST

This is an excellent resource offering accurate information regarding the topic.  It can be used in conjunction with the developmental chapters of the textbook and used as part of the nature-nurture discussion.  The information is up to date, and considering the current news about the Zika virus as well as drug and alcohol abuse, it is helpful to provide accuracy for a class discussion.  The podcast can be used in class as well as an assignment that is engaging to students interested in the topic.

Posted by & filed under Psychology Update.

3 ARTICLES on TERATOGENS AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT

 

Article #1

What Are Birth Defects And Can You Prevent Them?

 

DESCRIPTION

This particular website provides a straight forward simple informative understanding of what birth defects are, the causes, and prevention.  It can be used in conjunction with the developmental chapters of the textbook and used as part of the nature-nurture discussion.  Though this is presented by a particular health care company, the information, especially regarding prevention, can be helpful to students as an adjunct to the text book information on prenatal development.

SOURCE

Live Well (Unity Health website)

LINK TO RESOURCE

https://www.unitypoint.org/livewell/article.aspx?id=25ac9e53-7384-4230-a516-c1e81df7c05e

 

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/grwr7g6

 

 

Article #2

CDC Warns Of Fetal Alcohol Exposure, Says Drinking Any Time In Pregnancy Is Risky

 

DESCRIPTION

WBUR is the PBS radio station in Boston, MA.  Recently the station featured an article on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and the effects of exposure during pregnancy.  This is an extremely informative article that will be useful in conjunction with the textbook chapters on early development.  Additionally because the topic is about alcohol, the information can also be used as part of the abnormal/psychopathology chapters focused on the effects of addiction.  The article can serve as a starting point for students interested in the topic and who might use the source as the beginnings of a lit review for a paper on the topic.

SOURCE

WBUR’s Common Health, February 2, 2016, by Rachel Zimmerman

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2016/02/fetal-alcohol-exposure-pregnancy-risk

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/zg392h2

 

 

Article #3

10 Zika Facts You Need to Know Now

 

DESCRIPTION

Much has been written and broadcasted about the Zika virus and it’s affects on the developing fetus.   This virus, in terms of fetal development, is a cause of microcephaly — a serious and “severe neurological birth defect.”  As such it is considered a teratogen in that normal development of the brain and head in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy are disrupted thus causing the birth defect.  The article provides up-to-date facts.  This article, along with the other two articles in this post, can be used in conjunction with teaching about the first stages of development as found in the textbook.  It provides a factual basis for teaching about the topic.

SOURCE

Time, May 4, 2016, by Alexandra Sifferlin

LINK TO RESOURCE

http://time.com/4318624/zika-virus-and-birth-defects-what-you-need-to-know/

 

(Tiny URL)  http://tinyurl.com/j9y3o9s

 

 

CLASS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

•What is a teratogen?   (field of teratology)
•Why is it of interest to Psychologists?
•How do Psychologists study teratogens and birth defects?
•What are some of the common teratogens and their effects?
•What is recommended as prevention?
•Specifically what are the effects of alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs?
•What is the Zika virus?  What are the effects?  What is microcephaly?

Posted by & filed under Lifespan Development, Psychology Website of the Week.

PSYCHOLOGY WEBSITE OF THE WEEK

The Teratology Society

URL      

http://www.teratology.org/generalpublic.asp

DESCRIPTION

This is an excellent website resource offering accurate information regarding the topic.  It can be used in conjunction with the developmental chapters of the textbook and used as part of the nature-nurture discussion.  The information is up to date, and considering the current news about the Zika virus as well as drug and alcohol abuse, it is helpful to provide accuracy for a class discussion.